The Fossil Gallery includes fossil specimens from millions of years ago, spanning the Cambrian to the Quaternary period; fossil casts of prehistoric animals, including a fully articulated casts of Stegosaurus and a Tyrannosaurus rex skull; artwork depicting dinosaurs and Ice Age mammals by Charles Robert Knight.; and more.

Many specimens have been collected regionally, as Northeastern Pennsylvania’s anthracite coal deposits, formed from Pennsylvanian Period swamps that existed roughly 300 million years ago, are a trove of prehistoric fossils.